Combined type-writing and computing machine.



H. HANSON.

.COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLlCATlON HLf'iD SEPT. 18. l9l3.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

I2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

H. HANSON.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

mucmou map sun. 18. 1913 1 ,282,820. Patented Oct. 29, 1918..

12 $HEETSSHEET 2.

H. HANSON.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I8. I9I3.

1,282,820. Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

I2 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

H. HANSON.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLlCATION flLED SHT. 18. I913.

1,282,820. Patented Oct29, 1918.

l2 SHEEIS-SHEU 4.

I 1,273 a e, i m

H. HANSON.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I8. I9I3.

Patented Oct. 29, 19181 12 SHEETSSHEET 5- v H. HANSON. COMBINED TYPEWRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I8. l9|3- .F H m51m Q ikvik Nw NQ W C M .N e mu N QQEQ H. HANSON.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION I'ILEDSERT. L8 I9I3.

m wnwpgmwmv Mm g mm RN w m mw w V H. HANSON COMBINED TYPE WRITING ANDCOMPUTING MACHINE APPLICATION FILED SEPT I8. I913.

74% SHEETS-SHEET 8.

Patented Oct: 29, 1918.

d F Q 522 H. HANSON. COMBINED TYPE WRIT'NG AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT 1a. 1913.

1,282,820. Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

I2 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

lil

H. HANSON.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT- IIB. I913.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918..

I2 SHEETS-SHEET 10.

H. HANSON.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I8 I913.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

12 SHEETSSHEET 11.

Ill

I av MN H. HANSON.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18. I913.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

I2 SHEETS-SHEET {2.

. 4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HANS HANSON, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS,

TO UNDERWOOD COMPUTING MACHINE COMIANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPO-RATION OF NEW YORK.

COMBINED TYPE-WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

Application filed September 18, 1913.

To all whom it'mag concern:

Beit known that I, HANS HANSON, a citizen of the United States, residingin Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined Type-VVritingand Computing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to computing machines and is herein disclosed inlarge part as an improvement on my Patent No. 905,421, dated December 1,1908. Said patent discloses a combined typewriting and computing machinewherein the numeral keys of the typewriter set up on computation membersequivalents of numbers to be carried into computing wheels, saidcomputing wheels forming a totalizer or computing head.

In said patent the typewriting machine shown is of the usual Underwoodtype, and the carriage of the. typewriter as it travels along selectsseriatim rack bars on which pins representing the numbers written by thetypewriter are to be set up. When a number has been completely set up, ageneral operator is actuated to carry the numbers thus set up into thecomputing wheels. The combined typewriting and computing machine of saidpatent is provided with a transposition device, whereby numbers, asprinted on the work-sheet carried by the platen of the typewriter whichtravels to the left, may be registered on the proper computing wheelsbeginning at the left.

For setting the pins on the rack bars there is provided a series ofsetting bars or linkages extending across said rack bars and each insuperposed relation with a transverse row of pins of correspondingvalues. The connection is such that whenever a numeral key is operated,the corresponding setting bar, which is mounted on bell crank arms, isswung into a depressed position, and in so swinging it will strike anddepress the corresponding pin on any rack bar which has been selected bythe typewriter carriage to accord with the denominational column beingwritten in on the work-sheet.

According to the present invention the machine may be adapted to eitheradd or substract. For this urpose each of the computation or rack barsmay be formed with two racks thereon, one for addition Specification ofLetters Patent.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

Serial No. 790,453.

and one for subtraction, and the computing wheels may be normally heldclear of said rack bars. The machine is preferably so arranged thatnormally when the general operator is actuated, the addition racks ofthe rack bars and computing wheels are brought into mesh, and thecomputing wheels are turned to add. I A subtraction lever may, however,be arranged to be settable either manually or automatically, so as tocause the computing wheels to mesh with the subtraction set of racks onthe rack bars, and thus cause subtraction.

The computing wheels are provided with carry-over members, which arearranged to be set while numbers are being carried into the computingwheels from the computation members, said setting, however, not beingsulficient to cause one computing wheel to directly operate another. Onthe return stroke of the general operator the rack bars are carried backto their normal positions, and at the same time a carry-over shaftcompletes the operation of the carry-over members which have been set,thus causing said carry-over members to carry or borrow 1 betweenjuxtaposed computing wheels according as the operation is an adding or asubtracting one. c

Any computing wheel, when it brings its zero to the sight opening of thecasing, may set a carry-over member, and said carryover member may givethe adjacent computing wheel of next higher denomination one unit of arevolution on the return stroke of the general operator. Said carry-overdevices, which thus are set, may be arranged to operate in one directionfor addition and in the other direction for subtraction.

In the patent above named, the carriage of the typewriter controls thedenomination selecting devices, which determine in which denominationthe numbers written shall be registered seriatim. Said denomination selecting devices according to the present invention, may be moved toineffective position when not in use, so as to reduce the wear and tearand noise incident to the operation of the machine. For this purpose thedenomination selecting devices may include levers or bars, which arepivoted in a casing or-frame normally held at a position where dogssettable on the usual tabulating bar of the typewriter may be effectiveto actuate said levers seriatz'm-durin a stepby-step letter-feedingmovement 0 the carriage. When, however, it is desired to return thecarriage or afford other movements thereof as by operating the back sace key or by operating a tabulating key, said casing or frame with itsdenomination selectors is preferably swung so as to carry the leverstherein out of the path and clear of the selecting dogs.

A dog mounted like the denomination selecting dogs may be utilized toautomatically set the mechanism to subtract whenever the typewritingmachine reaches a predetermined column. To bring about this result thesubtraction dog actuates a special subtracting lever which controls oroperates the usual subtraction bar and is cammed by the denominationselecting casing or frame similar to the denomination selecting levers.In order, however, to prevent the machine from being left at.subtraction accidentally, a connection may be provided from the generaloperator whereby the operation of said general operator will release thesubtraction bar and return the mechanism to adding position.

vAs herein disclosed, the invention is applied to a machine forcomputing sterling money, namely, in pounds, shillings, pence andfarthings. In many machines for computing in sterling money, it has beencustomary to provide an extra 1 key for computing in the tens of pencecolumn.

According to the present invention the necessity of anysuch key isavoided. For this purpose a connection may be provided, such that if thedigit 1 is written in the tens of pence column, it will set up in thecomputing mechanism a preliminary representation of eleven pence, but ifthe 0 key is next operated, thus writing a zero in the units of pencecolumn, said 0 key will unset the equivalent of 11 which has been setup, and set up an equivalent of 10 in place thereof. Then when thegeneral operator is actuated 10 will be carried into i the computingwheels. If 1 is written in I limited to pence; it can also be used forcomputing in twelfths, etc.

In order to prevent the running up of numbers at the wrong time, or inorder to prevent moving the rack bars into mesh with the computing wheelpinions when there is danger of their not properly so meshing. themachine may be provided with a device for locking the general operatoragainst actuathe carriage, is in one of the efiective digit 7 columns ofa computing zone or column. This will insure, among other things, thatall the digits of a number will be completely written and set up beforethe general operator is actuatedto run up the number in the computingwheels. That is to say, the general operator will be held rigid just aslong as any one of the denomination selecting devices is actuated by oneof the dogs on the carriage to position the pin-bearing rack bars tohave the pins set thereon for the accumulation of a computation. To dothis, a hook latch is operated by a bail universal to all of thedenomination selecting devices so as to be actuated thereby. This latchengages an extension on the general operator and holds it fixed when anyone of the denomination selecting devices is in its effective selectingcondition. In a decimal system such a device to insure the writing ofall the di 'ts of a number may be essential for all of t edenominational or digit columns as the zeros are always written. In thesterling or English system, however, where it is customary to omit thewriting of zeros, if there should be no numbers to be computed inshillings, pence or farthings, it is found feasible to free theuniversal bail which actuates the locking book, from subservience to anydenomination selecting devices at points just succeeding the units ofpounds, units of shillings and units of pence digit columns, so as topermit the actuation of the general operator at these points in case thecomplete number is written before the end of the entire computing zoneor column is reached. The locking device is equally desirable both indecimal and non decimal machines where it is necessary to prevent theactuation of the general operator during such time as the racks of thepin bars might fail to mesh with the computing wheel pinions.

Where a subtraction etting device is used which is automatically resetto addition by actuation of the general operator, as is shown herein,this locking device prevents such resetting from taking place until thetypewriter carriage has traversed all the dcnominational letter spacesin a computing column; in other words, it is impossible to compute a.numberpartly as though it was added and partly as though it wassubtracted.

Means may also be provided for positively preventing injury to thepin-setting bars during the operation of the general operator should anvhappen to be depressed accidentally by the keys or otherwise. Toaccomplish this, the general operator may include a cam which ridesunder a bar universal to all the pin-setting bars, which pin-settingbars, it will be remembered, are depressed everytime a numeral key isdepressed. Said cam may raise said universal bar sufliciently to moveall the pin-setting bars to their normal ineffective position before thegeneral operator has moved any of the pinbearing rack bars.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a sectional side view of anUnderwood-Hanson combined typewriting and computing machine, showing theprincipal parts necessary to understand my invention.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the computing mechanism with the typewriterremoved.

Fig. 3 is a'rear view of the combined machine.

Fig. 4 is a skeleton perspective showing many of the parts of thepresent invention.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of part of Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a plan View of the pin bars and some related parts.

b Fig. 7 is 'a side view of the farthings pin b Fig. 8 is a side view ofthe units of pence b Fig.9 is a side view of the tens of pence Fig.10'is a plan view of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a plan view of Fig. 8 showing also the connection between theunits an tens of pence bars.

Fig. 12 is a side view of the pounds and units of shillings bars.

Fig. 13 is a side view of the tens of shillings bar.

. Fig. 14 is aplan view of Fig. 12.

Fig. 15 is a plan view of Fig. 13. Fig. 16 shows the pence wheel and thefarthings pawl which turns said wheel through a carry over.

Fig. 17 shows the units of shillings wheel and the pawl operated by thepence wheel which turns said wheel through a carry over.

Fig. '18 shows-the tens of shillings wheel and the unitsof shillingspawl which turns it through a carry over.

Fig.- 19 is a view showing as much of the numeral keys of the typewriterkeyboard as is necessary. to understand my invention.

Fig. 20 is a section transverse to the length of Fig. 6.

Fig. 21 is another section transverse tothe length of Fig. .6. a

Fig. 22 is a view of the 'computing'wheels and principal adjacent partsduring addition.

Fig. "23 'is a similar view during subtraction.

Fig. 24 is a, view similar to Fig 22, with the parts. set fortens-carrying.

Fig. 25 is a view similar to Fig. 23 with the parts set fortens-borrowing.

Figs. 26 to 31 are views showing the position of successive carry-overdriving parts seen in Figs. 24 and 25. i

Fig. 32 is a view similar to Figs, 22 and 23, but showing the parts intheir normal idle positions.

Fig. 33 is a plan view of Fig. 32.

-Fig.' 34 is a section through the computing wheels of Fig. 33.

Fig. 35 is a detail front view of part of Fig. 33 showing the lock forthe subtraction bar.

Fig. 36 is a side view of the subtraction bar and some adjacent parts.

Fig. 37 is a section showing the connections between the transpositiondevice and the units of pence pin bar, showing ten pence being set up.

Fig. 38 is a side view of an auxiliary pinrestoring device.

Fig. 39 is a perspective view ofFig. 36 and some adjacent parts.

Fig. 40 is a frontyiew of the pin-setting connections, said view alsoshowing the relation of the pin bars to the setting linkages.

Fig. 41 is an end view of the typewriter carriage and some adjacentparts, showing the line-spacing device and some connected parts.

- Fig. 42 shows the parts shown in Fig. 41,

when the line-space lever has been operated.

Fig, 43 is a plan view of Fig. 42.

Fig. 44 is a side view of the tens of pence pin bar and shows itsrelation to the pinrestoiing plate. 7

Fig. 45 is a section showing the operation of the general operator inrestoring a depressed pin-setting bar.

Fig. 46 is a PI'OJGCtiOIl of the faces of the computing wheels.

Figs. 47 and 48 show the operation of the automatic subtraction dog.

Fig. 49 is a perspective view of part of Fig. 48.

Fig. 50 is a view ofv a denomination selecting dog.

Fig. 51 is a section through a clutch of the carry-over shaft.

Fig. 52 is a perspective showing the operation of the carry-overdevices.

Fig. 53 is a side view of Fig. 52, showing the parts at the beginning ofa carry over.

Fig. .54 is a View similar to Fig. 53, showing the parts having almostcompleted their.

motion. a

Fig. 55 is a side View of the farthings computing wheel and thecarry-over dog which it controls.

Fig. 56 is a perspective view of part of the shaft and parts attachedthereto which drive the carry-over devices.

Fig. 57 is a fragmentary perspective view showing details of thetransposition linkages which invert the order of action from thedenomination selecting levers to the pinbearing column bars.

Numeral keys 1 and alphabet keys 2 operate levers 3, 4, to vibrate typebars 5 upwardly, to strike against the front side of a platen 6 mountedon a carriage 7 which travels on a rail 8, and is controlled by a rack 9meshing with a pinion 10 connected to an escapement wheel 11.

Each type bar has a heel 12 to engage a universal bar 13 mounted on aframe 14 which operates a rocker 15 having vibratory dogs 16, 17, toengage said escapement wheel and permit the carriage to feed step bystep under the impulse of the usual spring barrel 7 The computingmechanism includes an index mechanism which is operable by the numeralkeys; each key having a pendent rod 18 to engage and depress thecorresponding one of a series of rock arms 19 (Fig. 5), which arearranged across the machine, being mounted upon the forward ends ofrearwardly-extending horizontal rock shafts 20 (Figs. 1, 2 and 5),forming parts of linkages which depress the index pins.

Each rock shaft carries an upstanding arm 21 to engage a wrist or p'in22 upon a horizontal link 23, which extends from side to side of themachine. Two of said rock shafts also carry a second arm 21 for apurpose which will appear later.

At its ends, each link connects a pair of bell cranks 24 (Fig. 40), thelong arms 25 of which are connected by links or depressor bars 26, whichdescend to press down index pins 27. Each numeral key thus determinesthe value of the index pin which is depressed or selected, while thetypewriter carriage 7 determines the denomination of the depressed pin;eachlink or depressor bar 26 being capable of depressing one pin in eachdenomination in the decimal system.

The index pins 27 are arranged in rows upon bars 28 (Figs. 6 to 13),extending forwardly and rearwardly beneath the links 26 and servingeventually to rotate the number wheels in a manner presently to bedescribed.

Normally the index pins are. out of the path of movement of thedepressor bars 26 (Figs. 6 to 13), but as the paper carriage 7 feedsstep by step, the bars 28 are displaced forwardly one after another, topositions to bring their pins within range of the depressor bars 26(Fig. 37), so that any bar 26 may depress the corresponding pin of theforwardly-displaced pin-bar. Any suitable means may be employed fordisplacing the pin-bars forwardly one after another during the movementof the paper carriage; but there is shown herein, for the sake ofillustration, a mechanism for this purpose which will presently bereferred to.

Such index pins as are de ressed, project below the bars 28 on which tey are carried, and serve as lugs whereby said bars may be drivenendwise forwardly for turning the number Wheels. They are driven bymeans of a universal driver in the form of a transverse horizontal bar29 which forms part of a general operator which 15 operated once forevery calculation.

The general operator in the Underwood- Hanson combined adding andtypewriting machine comprises side bars 30 (Fig. 2), which are slid inguides on the side walls of the framework and are rigidly united to forma slide or carriage; said cross bar 29 forming one of the devices fortying said bars 30 together. This carriage or general operator may bedriven in any suitable way, as for instance by a crank 31 which is fixedupon a transverse horizontal rock shaft 32. journaled at its ends in theframework of the machine, and carrying (Fig. 1) at its ends segments 33which mesh with idle pinions 34, the latter meshing with racks 35 formedupon said general operator side bars 30.

A movement of the crank 31 forwardly from the Fig. 1 position causes thegeneral operator to drive forwardly, and the bar 29 thereon engages anydepressed index pins 27 and drives forwardly the bars 28 on which theyare mounted.

At its forward end each of said index pinbars 28 carries an additionrack 36 normally out of mesh witha pinion 37, which is fixed to a numberor computing wheel 38 forming one of a gang, there bein one pinbar 28for each number wheel. T ese number wheels are arranged below a sightopening 39 in the casing of the machine.

he cross bar 29, which engages the de-.

ressed index pins, is placed some distance ehind said pins, so as topermit considerable lost motion of the general operator before the firstpin can be engaged by said cross bar, and during this lost motion theracks 36 become meshed with the number wheel inions 37. This result iseffected in the fol owin manner: Carried upon power shaft 32 an rotatedthereby is a disk 40 (Figs. 1, 2, 4, 22 and 32), which, as soon as thecrank 31 starts to turn, engages a rider or pawl 41 pivoted at 42 uponan arm 43 of a lever 45. The rider or pawl 41 is normally held by aspring 41 against a stop 41 so that the toe thereof forms a rigid strutspacing the arm 43 from the cam disk 40, whereby when the cam disk 40rotates from the position shown in Fig. 1 to the position shown in Fig.22, in the direction of the arrow in the latter figure, the cam surface67 of the disk 40, as the pawl 41 rides from the minor portion of thedisk to the major portion thereof, will force the arm 43 away from theaxis 32 of the disk 40, so as to rock the lever 45. The lever 45 isfixed to a rock shaft 44 and has a counterpart for one arm thereof in anarm 56 also secured to the rock shaft 44.

When the lever 45 is rocked in this manner, it will draw down on a pairof links 46 and 57, which are pivoted on the ends of a connecting rod orshaft 58 which joins the forward end of the arm 56 with the forward endof one arm of the lever 45. The links 46 and 57 are connected at theirupper ends to an arbor 49 on which all of the computing or number wheels38 and the pinions 37 therefor are mounted. Also mounted on the arbor 49is a shifting frame including side plates 50 and 51.

. down into mesh with the addition racks 36 on the rack bars 28.

Hence as the general operator continues to drive forward under theimpulse of the crank 31, the pinions are turned clockwise at Fig. 22 andthe number wheels are turned in the same forward direction, thusperforming addition; each'number wheel being advanced to an extentdependent upon which of its index pins 27 was depressed.

After the crank 31 hasbeen given a full forward stroke, it is swungbackwardly to normal position to restore the general operator to itsnormal position. At the initial portion of the return stroke of thecrank 31 and its shaft 32, the rider or pawl 41 turns counter-clockwiseagainst the tension of the spring 41 owing to the friction on the disk40 turning in the reverse direction from that indicated by the arrow inFig. 22. This renders the rider 41 incapable of acting any longer as astrut, so that the arm 43 is permitted to approach the cam disk 40 underthe traction of springs 47 (Figs. 32, 33 and 34), which now act to drawrearwardly V-shaped or double cam levers or arms '47 pivoted at 47 whichengage the ends of said arbor 49 and thereby centralize or raise thepinions 37 clear of the rack bars. 36, at the same time restoring theparts 43 and 45 to their normal positions.

This movement, which withdraws thepinions 37 from the addition racks 36,takes place before the racks themselves start upon their return orrearward movement toward normal position; such return being preferablyeffected by the same cross bar 29 which previously carried the racksforward. The cross bar 29 for this purpose engages (see Fig. 37) lugs 48pendentfrom the rack bars in the rear of the cross bar 29, but thelatter is arranged to have considerable idle rearward motion (enough topermit collapse of pawl 41) before engaging said lugs 48.

At this point it may be noted that the arbor 49 on which the numberwheels 38 and their pinions 37 are mounted, connects the two sides 50and 51 of a swinging frame (Figs. 4 and 33), which has hearings orsockets at 52 to swing upon collars 53 carried by a transversehorizontal shaft 54; this shaft forming a convenient hinged support forsaid frame 50, 51, and keeping the computing wheels always in properrelationship to the shaft 54, which is connected to the general operatorand carries certain prime moving tens-carrying devices, as willpresently be explained. The side members 50, 51 are also connected by aplurality of tie-rods 55.

Upon each of said index pin-bars 28 is carried not only an addition rack36 but also a subtraction rack 59 which is idle, as at Fig. 22, duringan addition operation. This rack is parallel with the addition rack 36but above the pinion 37 so as to rotate the same in the oppositedirection, and is connected by an arm 60 with the forward end of the bar28.

To causethe machine to subtract at the driving strokes of the indexpin-bars 28, it is only necessary to move the computation pinions 37into mesh with the subtraction racks 59, instead of the addition racks36, so that the number wheels will be turned backwardly at the ensuingforward drive of the index bars 28.

When the operator desires that the machine shall perform subtraction, hepresses rearwardl-y a subtraction key 61 on the forward end of arod orbar 62, which extends from front to rear of the machine, and slides onsuitable supports 62 at the front and rear of the machine. Between itsends, this rod carries a cam 63 (Figs. 2, 4, 6 and 39), which, duringthe backward thrust of the rod, engages the end of a sleeve 63 andforces the same endwise along the shaft 32 against the tension of aspring 63". The sleeve 63 carries the cam disk 40 with it so that thelatter is displaced sidewise relatively to the pawl 41, therebyinterrupting the cooperation therebetween and preventing the rocking ofthe lever 45 by the cam disk 40. At the same time is brought into play'asecond cam disk 64 also fast to, said sleeve, which is effective bnlyfor the purpose of sulbtraction.

This disk 64 is arranged to coiiperate with a follower or pawl 65, whichis out of line with the pawl 41, that is, it works in a different planeso as not to be in action at the same time. The'disk 64 is shifted intothe same plane as its pawl 65 when the cam disk 40 is shifted out ofengagement with the pawl 41.

During theensuing forward stroke of the general operator, the cam disk40 will rotate idly; but the cam disk 64, as seen at Fig. 23, willdepress, by means of the cam surface 68 which connects the minorcircumference of this disk with the major circumference thereof, thefollower or pawl 65, which is normally held by a spring 65 against astop 65 to form a spacing strut between the cam disk 64 and an arm 74rigid with the lever 45. The lever 45, the shaft 44 and the arm 56 willthus be rocked so as to force upwardly the links 46 and 57, therebylifting the frame 49, 50, 51, 55, and carrying the pinions 37 into meshwith the subtraction racks 59, so that the latter are enabled to turnthe number wheels backwardly during the remainder of the forward strokeof the general operator. On the return stroke, the pawl 65 will tiltagainst the tension of the spring 65 to a receded position, releasingthe arm '74, so that the V-cam arms 47 a will force the number wheelsand their pinions 37 clear of the racks 59.

It will thus be seen that the springs 41 and 65 normally hold the pawlsor riders 41 and 65 in a position to engage their respective disks 40and 64, so that as one or the other rides from the lower circumferenceto the higher circumference by way of the cam 67 or 68, the bell crank45 will be rocked in one direction or the other according to which disk40 or 64 is in action. The pinions 37 will then be brought intoengagement with the addition racks 36 or the substraction racks 59 torotate the computing wheels in a forward or a backward direction foraddition or subtraction respectively.

The counter-rotation of either of the cam disks 40 or 64 tilts its pawlor rider 41 or 65, so that the same is inefiective to space the arms towhich it is connected from the respective cam disk. Therefore, in spiteof the fact that the surface farthest from the center of the shaft 32 isin action, the accordant arm 43 or 74, which has just been rocked tobring about an engagement of the pinions 37 with one of the racks 36 or59, will be permitted to approach nearer to the center of the shaft 32under the traction of the springs 47 which not only draw the pinions 37and the dial or computing wheels connected thereto to a mid-position butalso swing the lever 45 and the arms 43 and 74 connected thereto to amid-position such that the pawls or riders 41 and 65 will be in aposition to engage with the minor circumference of their respective camdisks 40 and 64. On a subsequent rotation of the general operator, thecam 67 or 68 of the cam disk 40 or 64, whichever happens to be inaction, will rock the accordant arm 43, 74 to bring about an addition ora subtraction .coiiperation between the pinions 37 and the racks 36 or59. The cam disks 40, 64, while moving endwise of the shaft 32 with thesleeve 63 sometimes in the direction of the propulsion of the spring 63and sometimes against the tension of this spring, are held againstrotation relatively to the shaft That is to say, they are splined on theshaft by means of a pin 69 carried on an arm 70 fixed to the shaft 32and passing through a hole in the disk 40. Inasmuch as both disks arerigid with the sleeve 63 and with each other, this serves to spline boththe disks 40 and 64 on the shaft 32. The tens-carrying or carry-overdevices comprise an idle pinion 71 (see Figs. 1 and 2) meshing with arack 72 on the general operator, to connect said operator with a pinion73 on the horizontal transverse shaft 54, which is the tenscarryingassistin shaft. This shaft 54 has a helical series 0 adding cams ortappets 75 (Figs. 52 and 56) for carrying 1 in an addition computation.This shaft 54 has also a second helical series of subtracting cams ortapets (Figs. 52 and 56) for borrowing 1 in a subtraction computation.The cams or tappets 75 and95 are alternative in their action accordingto whether thecomputing wheels 38 are rotating to add 90 or to subtract.This shaft 54, however, turns in only one direction and is operated onlyduring the return stroke of the general operator; being for this purposeconnected by a one-way ball-clutch mechanism 76 to the pinion 73, asseen at Fig. 51. A spring 132. holds a detent 132 Fig. 2, to preventbackward rotation of the shaft 54.

Each number wheel (except that of lowest denomination) has an individualtrain of mechanism for connecting it to this powerdriven tens-caryingshaft 54 to be driven therefrom. The train, however, is normally broken,and hence the tappets or cams 75, 95 are all normally ineffective. Eachnumber wheel 38 (except that of highest deno1nination) has a startingtooth '77, the function of which is to establish a connection from thenumber wheel of next higher denomination to the tens-carrying shaft 54,when it is necessary to carry 1 to or borrow 1 from the next higherwheel.

Each of the trains of connecting devices includes (Fig. 52) a'pawl 78 tomesh with a gear 79 fixed upon the number wheel 38; the pawl preferablyhaving multiple teeth 80, or being in the form of a short rack, so as toengage and operate the gear 7 9 when moving from an offset position ateither side to a mid-position. Each rack or pawl 78 is normally out ofmesh with its gear wheel 79 but is brought up into iesh therewith intime on the return stroke f the general operator during the carry-overoperation. Each rack or pawl 78 is also normally in a neutralnon-driving' mid-position, but the starting tooth of each computingwheel on completing a cycle corresponding to the exchange value betweenit and the next higher computing wheel, shifts its pawl to one side orthe other for a subsequent drive in one direction or the other accordingto whether 1 is to be earned or borrowed.

To this end, the pawl 78 has a pin-and-slot vided with a pin 84 in thepath of said starting 01' setting tooth 77 to be swung in one directionor the other thereby according to whether the associated computing wheel38 is rotating for addition or subtraction.

The number wheel 38 turns in the direction of the arrow, or clockwise,as at Fi 53, to perform addition. The setting toot 77 at thecompletionof a full cycle of said number wheel 38, engages and depresses the pin84 together with the arm 83, swinging said interponent lever or rockerto the position seen at Figs. 24 and 53.

The lower arm 85 of said lever or rocker has a slot to engage with thepin 81 on the tens-carrying pawl 78, which by the movement of the rockerto the Fig. 24 position is drawn back from the normal position at Fig.Upon said arm 85 is a cam-like tooth 86, which at Fig. 24 is seen ashaving been swung into the path of the associated adding tappet 7 5 onthe tens-carrying shaft 54, the function of the latter being to act uponsaid tooth 86, and thereby return the rocker forward to its normalposition. During such return movement, the rocker arm 85 carries with itthe pawl 78, which, however, has in the meantime been swung up into meshwith the gear 79 of the number wheel next higher. than that whichcarries the setting tooth 77, by a cam 87 provided on the tens-carryingassisting shaft 54, which engages and depresses the rear end 96 of thepawl 78 and lifts the forward end thereof into mesh with the associatedgear 79 as at Fig. 53. The pawl 78 is supported intermediate its endsfor this purpose, by a rod 88. which connects arms 89 depending from theside plates 50 and 51 forming part of the frame which permits theshifting of the gears 37 and the tens-carrying mechanism about the shaft54 as a pivot. The forward springing of the pawl 78 is effected in thisinstance by the engagement of the tappet with the rocker tooth 86.

By means of said pawl 78, the higher number wheel is advanced one pointby the time the rocker 85, 93 reaches its mid-position shown at Fig. 54.The cam 87 has a continuation or dwell portion 90 (Figs. 53 and 54),which holds down the rear end of the pawl 78 during the wheeldriving'movement, and which at the end of the driving which is travelingcounter-clockwise (Fig.

, on the assisting shaft 54; the tappets 95 bemovement releases saidpawl and permits the forward end thereof to be snapped down by a spring91 (Fig. 22) out of mesh with the gear 79; a spring held detent 92engaging the latter to hold the number wheel in position.

At the subtracting operation, which includes what may be calledtens-borrowing, the setting tooth 77 on the number wheel,

75 23) lifts the arm 83 and swings the rocker 85, 93 to the Fig. 25position so as to carry the lower end forward and bring the pawl or rack78 to an advanced. position ready to engage the pinion 7 9 and effect abackward movement thereof.

The upper arm 93 of the rocker has a tooth 94 which at this time isswung into the path of the subtraction cam or tappet 95 ing spirallyarranged and being paired with the tappets 75. The tappets are in different planes from the tappets 75, and the tooth 94 is correspondinglyoffset from the arm 93. The cam 87 depresses the rear end 96 of the pawl78 and elevates the front end thereof into mesh with the gear 7 9, sothat the tappet 95 camming or acting upon the tooth 94 in swinging therocker 93, 85 to the normal midway position at Fig. 23, draws the pawl78 backwardly giving a one step reverse movement to the associatedcomputing wheel 38. At the conclusion. of the tensborrowing operation,the cam 87 releases the rear end 96 of the pawl, and the forward end ofthe latter is drawn down by the spring 91 as before.

EaclYcam 87, together with its associated tappets 75 and 95, forms agroup, and said groups, as seen at Fig.- 56, are arranged spirally onthe shaft 54, so that the computing wheels are successively operated bythe carry-over devices from lower to higher denominations.

It will be seen that the rocker 85, 93 may be regarded as a tumbler orinterponent, since it enables the pawl 78 to be operated by the tappets75, 95 on the power shaft 54; and that the operation of said rocker, aseffected by the tappets, resembles the operation of a pallet in anescapement mechanism.

The rocker or tumbler 85, 93 is held in any of its three positions(Figs. 22, 24 and 25) by means of a detent 97 pivoted upon a rod 12 98,which rod connects the side plates 50, 51 just in front of the rod 55,and said detent is pressed downwardly by a spring 99 coiled around therod 55; the detent having three notches 100, 101 and 102 to engage a pin103 on the tumbler to hold the same in any of the three positions.

It will be seen that the sides of the notches 100 and 102 are extendedto form hooks which positively stop the rocker 85, 93 at 189 I each ofits extreme positions; although, if desired, this rocker 85, 93 may bepositively arrested by the engagement of either tooth 86 or 94 with thecircular hub portions 103 of the disks on which the cams or tappets 7 5and 95 are formed, Figs. 26 and 56.

It will be understood that, owing to the speed with which thepower-driven tenscarrying shaft 54 revolves, the tappet 7 5 is apt tooperate the tens-carrying rocket 85, 93 at such speed in swinging it tothe. normal position seen at Fig. 54, that the rocker with the pawl 78and the number wheel might overthrow. To guard against this, there areprovided on the shaft 54, stops 95 concentric with said shaft andmerging into or being continuations of the tappets 95. 'These stops 95are so placed that each occupies the path of the tooth 94 on theassociated rocker 85, 93, when the latter is swung by the tappet 75 fromthe Fig. 53 position ro the normal position at Figs. 52, l, 32, 22 and54; Of course the shaft 54 is revolving, and it is only for 'a briefperiod that the sto or dwell portion 95 remains in the path 0 the tooth,shoulder or projection 94; but this is sufficient to prevent overthrowof the rocker 85, 93. 7

Overthrow is prevented at the operation of borrowing tens in a similarmanner. At Fig. 25 the rocker 85, 93 is shown as rocked over to begin asubtraction operation; and after thepawl 78 is elevated, the tappet 95engages the tooth or'shoulder 94 and swings it to the position at Fig.54, at which time the shoulder or tooth 86 will be arrested by stop 95which is a continuation of the tappet 75. This positively preventsoverthrow of the rocker 85, 93 at the subtraction or tens-borrowingoperation, the stop or dwell 95 being sufficiently long for thispurpose. That is to say, the outer margins or dwell portions of eachpair of tappets 75 and 95 for each of the dial or computing wheels 38,are so arranged with respect to eachother that as one of these tappetsengages its associated tooth 86, 94 on the rocker or interponent 85, 93to swing said rocker to a mid- 4 position, the dwell portion of theother tappet will come into the path of movement of its accordant tooth94 or 86 according to which tappet is in action, so as to prevent anexcessive movement of the rocker 85, 93 beyond the mid-position shown inFig. 54.

The number wheels have individual tenscarrying trains each comprisingthe tumbler 85, .3, the detent 97, the tappets 75, 95, the pawl 78 andthe gear 79. It will be understood that all of these tenscarrying trainsare mounted upon the swin frame 50, 51, and, therefore, that the num erwheels with their pinions, detents 92, gears, and tenscarrying trainsswing up and down as a unit about said power shaft 54, which serves as asupport for the rear end of said frame, as

already explained. Owing to the fact that these members swing up anddown as aunit, the carry-over mechanism including the setting tooth 77is enabled to perform its functions properly whether the Wheels are inthe addition position as at F ig. 24 or in the sub traction position asat Fig. 25.

The reason for arranging the tappets 75 (and tappets 95) in spiralrelation around the power shaft 54, is that this enables tens to becarried upon the number wheels scrial/int, so that the machine iscapable of carrying 1 over from wheel to wheel throughout the entire setat the tens-carrying operation; the operation of one tenscarrying trainbeing finished before the operation of the next higher train can begin.

The pawls 78 maybe guided at their rear ends in a comb 104, and anysuitable provision may be made for guiding their forward ends, as, forinstance, said forward ends may be confined between the racks 36 and thedial wheels 38.

The subtraction rod 62 is held back during the subtraction operation bymeans of a latch 105 (Figs. 1, 4, 36, and 39), which is pivoted at 106upon the framework and is held by a sprm 107 in a notch 107 in the rodor bar 62. his latch is automatically released at the conclusion of thereturn stroke of'the general operator, after the operation of thetensborrowing or carry-over mechanism has been completed. Thislatch-releasing operation occurs simul aneously with theraising of auniversal plate 108, which restores the index pins 27 to normalpositions. The pinrestoring plate 108 is operated in the usual manner,and is pivoted as usual upon bell cranks 109 connected by a link 110.

During the last part of the return stroke of the general operator, apawl or abutment 111 on one of the side bars 30 usually engages an arm112 rigidly connected to an arm 112 to cause the latter to swingupwardly, and thus raise the plate 108, thereby lifting the index pins27. Thereupon the mm 112 trips off from the abutment 111 and the plate108 drops- During the rise of the plate 108, an arm 113 connected to oneof said bell cranks 109 swings'down and strikes a heel 114 on the latch105, thus withdrawing the same from the notch 107 in the subtraction rodor bar 62, so that a spring 115 (Fig. 2) may snap the latter forwardlyto normal positron, as seen at Fig. 1.

It will be seen that the arm 113 is fixed upon a rock shaft 116 uponwhich one of the bell cranks 109 is fixed. If it be desired to retainthe key 61 in its rearward position, a bolt 117 (Figs. 33 and 35) may heslid to the left by means of a finger-piece 118 to engage a notch 119 inthe rod 62; a spring detent 120 holding the bolt in either position.

The index pin bars 28 may be guided at

